The dog (Canis lupus familiaris) is a domesticated mammal and the earliest known species to be domesticated by humans, with evidence dating back more than 15,000 years. Descended from wolves, dogs have been bred into hundreds of distinct breeds with wide variations in size, shape, and temperament.
Dogs are valued for their companionship, intelligence, and working abilities. They have historically assisted humans in hunting, herding, guarding, and pulling loads, and today they also serve as service and therapy animals. Their strong sense of smell and trainability make them important in police and rescue work.
Typically weighing between 1 and over 90 kilograms depending on breed, dogs communicate through vocalizations, body language, and scent. They are highly social animals and often form close bonds with humans.
Culturally, dogs symbolize loyalty, protection, and friendship, and they remain one of the most widespread and beloved companion animals worldwide.
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